Computer Forensics

What it’s about: 

Computer forensics majors learn how to analyze computer systems, networks, and data storage devices for evidence related to criminal acts; how to preserve and present digital evidence for legal actions; and how to troubleshoot computer security problems and protect against system intrusions.

What the study of this major is like: 

This major combines the study of information systems, computer security, law, and criminal procedure with technical courses in the analysis and deconstruction of digital devices and data found on computer storage systems. 

Students starting out in this major are often surprised by the number of criminal justice courses required. By the time you take your first technical digital forensic course, you will be well grounded in legal theory and practice as well as computer theory and operating systems. 

After your foundation courses you will tackle the process of analyzing digital devices in order to find evidence pertaining to crimes. Most of these courses are a combination of lecture and laboratory, where you learn to apply theories and best practices to hand-on analysis of computer forensic images and traces. You will conduct computer lab projects both in class and for homework, and also participate in group projects. 

You will also learn how to write detailed reports of your analysis of digital devices and to present your findings both orally and in writing. This may be another surprise if you think this major is only about technical skills. But the ability to express yourself clearly is vital, because digital forensic examiners must work collaboratively with detectives and prosecutors to present their case, and to explain how data on digital devices supports or contradicts findings. This often requires giving testimony in court. 

Typically during your third and fourth years of study you will participate in an internship, obtaining real life experience working in a local digital forensics firm, laboratory or law enforcement agency. The length of your internship may vary depending on the program, but the experience is invaluable both for your training and your job prospect. 

In upper level courses you will also be introduced to the subjects of forensic accounting and white collar crime. You’ll probably study alongside business and accounting majors, learning the painstaking and detailed work involved in examining business accounts, personal financial transactions, and the methods used by criminals to launder money. 

Seniors often conduct their own research in new and highly technical aspects of digital forensics. It’s a good idea to also participate in computer forensics associations or clubs in order to broaden your knowledge outside the classroom and make connections in the field. 

Many programs are very law enforcement centric; but there is another side to computer forensics relating to commerce, e-discovery (the disclosure in civil lawsuits of electronically held information) and computer security outside the prosecution of crimes. If you want to widen your career options, look for colleges with programs that cover both aspects of computer forensics or offer a minor or concentration in network security.

Career options and trends: 

Digital forensics examiner/analyst*; computer forensics technologist; information systems security officer*; systems analyst; systems engineer; database analyst; computer forensics associate. 

Job prospects are good, especially in law enforcement, where the increase in computer and internet crime is forcing agencies to create technology task forces and to hire digital examiners. The FBI predicts that before long up to fifty percent of its cases will require a computer forensic expect. 

The need for computer security is also pushing demand for digital media and systems analysts throughout industry. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects employment of such analysts to grow much faster than average through 2018.

Applicants for law enforcement or government positions must pass security clearances and often undergo a lie detector test. Be aware that if you pursue a career in law enforcement, child pornography cases can be as much as seventy percent of the work load for state level digital forensic laboratories.

Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors