Environmental Science

What it’s about:

The interdisciplinary field of environmental science spotlights two concerns: the interaction of the physical and biological processes that shape our natural environment, and the application of scientific methods and research to environmental problems.

What the study of this major is like:

Because problems that affect the environment are complex, environmental science requires an imaginative approach that includes a working knowledge of physics, chemistry, and biology. As a major, you will probably be expected to gain a clear understanding of a wide range of physical and biological processes. For example, you may be required to take classes that deal with the water cycle and its effect on sediments and rocks. You will also study atmospheric science, geosciences, ecology, environmental chemistry, hydrology, and land and resource analysis. When you complete the required subjects, you should be ready to construct a course of study that emphasizes your own strengths and interests.

Fieldwork, which is often an important part of your education, can offer intellectual challenges and the sort of real-world risks that laboratory research can’t provide. You may have additional opportunities to do supervised research in which you work closely with faculty members in the field or the laboratory. Paid summer research internships or fellowships at research sites throughout the country are also available; these opportunities supplement your academic course work. For a variety of reasons, environmental science is collaborative; many individuals contribute their special talents as they work in research or investigative groups to solve problems. Therefore, you should develop you communication skills (writing, reading, speaking, listening) and learn the terminology, or distinct vocabulary, of the profession.

Computer skills are also essential; a strong program will provide experience with data analysis, digital mapping, remote sensing, and geographic information systems(GIS). The opportunity to conduct professional-level research in a senior capstone project is another indicator of a good program.

People sometimes confuse environmental science and environmental science and environmental studies, but these programs differ in key ways. In general, environmental science focuses on the natural sciences (chemistry, biology, physics) as they relate to the environment, whereas environmental studies emphasizes the social sciences (such as economics, policy, or law) as they relate to environmental issues. Environmental science majors study the natural sciences on a deeper level, while environmental studies major gain additional opportunities through their exposure to the social sciences. Be sure to investigate the programs that interest you to see that you understand the goals and requirements of each.

Career options and trends:

Researcher; college professor or high school teacher; environmental science and environmental consultant; environmental lawyer; resource manager in industry; regulatory compliance specialist; state or federal government regulator; staff member of an advocacy group.

A master’s degree is required for most entry-level research and teaching positions, and a Ph.D is usually necessary for high-level research.

Job prospects are generally very good in the government, academic, and private sectors for students with undergraduate and graduate degrees, although a master’s degree is usually preferred. Because of increasing pressures on the environment from expanding populations and economic development, demand for environmental scientists in both government and industry is projected to grow, both in United States and abroad. Opportunities should be especially strong in companies that provide regulatory compliance services.

Coupling a major in environmental science with a minor in business, public administration, or health will also improve your job prospects.

Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors